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Endocrinology & Metabolism

Calculation of the Serum Anion Gap
Correction of the Observed Serum Anion Gap for Hypoalbuminemia (Figge Equation)
Strong Ion Gap (SIG)
Calculating the Serum Anion Gap Including Anions in Low Concentrations
Net Negative Charge Associated with a Serum Protein
Metabolic Acidosis with Increased Anion Gap and Respiratory Alkalosis in a Patient with Thiamine Deficiency (Beriberi or Wernicke's Encephalopathy)
Cholesterol Level Interpretation
Estimation of VLDL and LDL Cholesterol with the Friedewald Formulas
Total Cholesterol-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio
LDL Cholesterol-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP II) Treatment Criteria for Hypercholesterolemia
Revised NCEP II Treatment Criteria for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia
NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) Classification of Abnormal Serum Lipids and LDL Cholesterol Treatment Goals
Risk for Premature Coronary Heart Disease in a Pediatric Patient with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Equation of Baca and Warnick for Estimating LDL-Associated Apolipoprotein B
Diagnostic Features of Chylomicronemia Syndrome
Causes of Chylomicronemia
Non-HDL Cholesterol
Calculated Serum Osmolality and Osmolal Gap (Conventional Units)
Calculated Serum Osmolality and Osmolal Gap (SI Units, Equation of Gennari et al)
Equations of Khajuria and Krahn for Calculating Serum Osmolality
Protein Bound Calcium and Correction for Abnormal Albumin
Estimating Ionized Calcium Levels
Adjusting Ionized Calcium for Heparin
Adjusting Ionized Calcium for pH
Level of Care for Cancer-Related Hypercalcemia
Evaluation of a Patient for Cancer-Associated Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Associated with Sarcoid or Other Granulomatous Disease
Hypercalcemia in the Milk-Alkali Syndrome
Evaluation of a Patient with Hypercalcemia or Hypocalcemia Based on Results of Serum Vitamin D Tests
Clinical Findings in Hypocalcemia
Clinical Findings in Hypercalcemia
Conditions Associated with Hypercalcemia
Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia Associated with Mutations in CYP24A1
Conditions Associated with Hypocalcemia
Estimate of Plasma Glucose from Glycohemoglobin
Glycohemoglobin and the Risk of Microalbuminuria
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in a Nonpregnant Adult
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in a Pregnant Adult Female
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Pediatric Patient
Glucose Tolerance Test, Intravenous
Glucose in Whole Blood vs Plasma
Tolbutamide Tolerance Test
American Diabetes Association Public Screening Test for Diabetic Symptom
American Diabetes Association 1997 Criteria for Testing Asymptomatic, Undiagnosed Individuals for Diabetes Mellitus
Indications for Measuring a Fasting Plasma Glucose Level in an Asymptomatic Adult
Patients for Whom Hemoglobin A1C Goals Can Be Less Stringent
The American Diabetes Association (ASA) provides glycemic control targets for pediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes. The glycemic control target for each patient should be individualized to take int
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Based on Underlying Cause
Mauriac Syndrome (Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes with Short Stature)
Guidelines for Glycemic Control in a Woman with Gestational Diabetes
Skin Autofluorescence (AF) as a Predictor of Cardiac Mortality in a Patient with Diabetes
Determining the Risk of a Diabetes in a First Degree Relative of a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes Based on the Presence of Serum Autoantibodies
Equations of Nathan et al for Estimating a Patient's Mean Blood Glucose Concentration from the Hemoglobin A1c Value
2009 Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in the Nonpregnant Adult
American Diabetes Association 1997 Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus in the Nonpregnant Adult
2010 Criteria of IADPSG for Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing in the Pregnant Adult
Score of Brun et al for Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
Score of Romm and Hulka for Evaluating Diabetic Control Status
Plantar Fascia Thickness in a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Risk Factors of Arase et al for Development of Diabetes Mellitus in a Patient with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Steatohepatitis)
Criteria of Bellane-Chantelot et al for the diagnosis of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Associated with Anomalies of HNF1A (MODY 3)
Risk Score of Phaloprakarn et al for Gestational Diabetes
Corrected Serum Sodium Level for High Glucose Levels (Equation of Katz for Hyperglycemia-Induced Hyponatremia)
Indications for Measuring Fructosamine in a Diabetic Patient
Use of Fructosamine in the Evaluation of a Diabetic Patient
Index of Hathaway et al for Predicting Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus (PTDM)
Screening Patients for Drug-Induced Hyperglycemia
Guidelines for Hospital Admission in a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Index of Perea-Carrasco et al for Detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Calculating the Area Under the Curve for the Glucose Tolerance Test
Evaluating a Pregnant Woman with Severe Nausea and Vomiting for Gestational Diabetes
Troubleshooting a Diabetic Patient with a Persistently High Hemoglobin A1c Despite Apparently Optimum Therapy
Risk Factors for Hypoglycemia in Patients Who Use Insulin (Insulin Reaction)
Clinical Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
Risk Factors for Failing to Recognize Hypoglycemia in a Diabetic
Risk Factors for Developing Hyperglycemia in a Diabetic
Clinical Findings in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Score of Glumer et al for the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus (Danish Diabetes Risk Score)
Symptoms and Risk Factor Questionnaire (SR-Q) of Ruige et al to Screen for Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
Predictive Models of Baan et al to Screen Adults for Diabetes Mellitus (Rotterdam Predictive Model)
Diabetes Risk Score of Griffin et al for Identifying Patients in General Practice at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Cambridge Risk Score)
Risk Factors of Rewers et al for Complications in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Adjustment of Insulin Dose for Travel Between Several Time Zones
Management of a Patient with Severe Hypoglycemia Secondary to an Overdose of Insulin or an Oral Hypoglycemic Agent
Diabetes Risk Score of Lindstrom and Tuomilehto
Predictive Equation of Tabaei and Herman to Screen for Diabetes Mellitus
Predictive Equation of Stern et al to Screen for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Chemical or Drug-Induced Hyperglycemia and Diabetes
Clinical Features of Nonketotic Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Coma in a Diabetic
Clinical Features of Diabetes Caused by Diuretic Drugs or Hypokalemia
Clinical Features of Maturity Onset Diabetes of Youth (MODY)
Criteria of the American Diabetes Association for Screening a Pediatric Patient for Type 2 Diabetes
Peripheral Edema or Acute Heart Failure Following Insulin Administration in a Diabetic (Insulin-Induced Edema)
Risk Factors for Drug-Induced Hypoglycemia
Clinical Features of Diabetes Complicating Chronic Pancreatitis
Clinical Screening Tool of Fourlanos et al for Identifying Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus in an Adult
Risk Factors of Davidson et al for New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Organ Transplantation
Determining the Amount of Glucose Tolerance Beverage (Glucola) to Give for an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Risk Factors of Saliba et al for New Onset Diabetes Mellitus Following a Liver Transplant
Prediction Rule of Kanaya et al for Development of Diabetes in an Older Adult
Model of Schmidt et al for Identifying a Patient at High Risk for Diabetes Mellitus
Risk Score of Ramachandran et al for Diabetes in an Urban Asian Indian
Criteria of Norberg et al for Identifying a Patient at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
German Diabetes Risk Score of Schulze et al
Classification of Balasubramanyam et al for Ketosis-Prone Diabetes (KPD)
Risk Factors of Mauvais-Jarvis for Nonautoimmune Ketosis-Prone Diabetes
Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) of Mohan et al
Interpretation of Glycohemoglobin and Fructosamine Levels in a Patient with Liver Disease
Indications for Testing a Pediatric Patient for Type 2 Diabetes
Identification of a Woman at Low Risk for Gestational Diabetes Who May Not Need an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Risk Factors of Murata et al for Hypoglycemia in a Patient with Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Algorithm of Wilson et al for Estimating Risk of an Adult Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Framingham Offspring Study)
Criteria of Pozzilli and Di Mario for Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of the Adult (LADA)
Criteria of Suzuki et al for Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes Occurring in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes (Type 1 on Type 2)
Diabetes Risk Calculator of Heikes et al
Bedtime Insulin and Daytime Oral Agent (BIDO) Regimen for a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Contraindications and Precautions in the Use of a Thiazolidinedione for a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Contraindications and Precautions in the Use of Metformin in a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Contraindications and Precautions in the Use of a Meglitinide in a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Contraindications and Precautions in the Use of an alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor in a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Contraindications and Precautions in the Use of a Sulfonylurea in a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Management of a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Poorly Controlled on a Single Oral Hypoglycemic Agent
Drugs Capable of Causing Hypoglycemia
Risk Factors Contributing to a Delay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Findings of Azoulay et al Associated with Infection as the Cause of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Requiring Admission to the Intensive Care Unit
Interventions of Tuomilehto et al for Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in a Patient with Impaired Glucose Tolerance (Prediabetes)
Risk Factors of Glaser et al for Cerebral Edema in a Child with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Sick Day Recommendations for a Person with Type 1 Diabetes
Adjusting the Insulin Dosage of a Diabetic to Solve Problems in Glucose Control
Dosing Insulin in a Sick Pediatric Diabetic with Hyperglycemia
Dosing Insulin in a Sick Adult Diabetic with Hyperglycemia
Glycemic Penalty Index (GPI) of Van Herpe et al
Criteria of Riddle et al for Severe Hypoglycemia
Honeymoon Period in Type 1 Diabetes
Rebound Hyperglycemia Following Excessive Insulin (Somogyi Effect)
Prolonged Hypoglycemia Associated with the Use of a Sulfonylurea and Its Treatment with Octreotide
Neuroglycopenic Findings of Hypoglycemia in an Older Adult or a Patient with Autonomic Neuropathy
Correction Factor and Correction Dose for a Diabetic Taking Insulin
Administration of Glucagon to Reverse Hypoglycemia
Intravenous Administration of D50W to Reverse Hypoglycemia
Clinical Features of Charcot Foot (Diabetic Neuroarthropathy)
Medical Management of a Diabetic with Heart Disease
TAG-IT of Koopman et al to Identify a Patient with an Elevated Fasting Glucose Concentration
Comparison of Sliding Scale Insulin (SSI) and Scheduled (Basal and Bolus) Insulin Regimens for Hospitalized Patients
Evaluation of a Hyperglycemic Patient in the Hospital Not Previously Diagnosed As Diabetic
Recommendations for Managing a Diabetic in the Hospital
Risk Factors for Hypoglycemia in a Hospitalized Patient
Requirements for Diabetes Self-Management by a Hospitalized Patient
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Pre-Diabetes (Impaired Fasting Glucose or Impaired Glucose Tolerance)
Performance Measures for Evaluating the Outpatient Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin-to-Glucose Ratio
Insulin-to-C-Peptide Ratio
C-Peptide Response to Glucagon Stimulation in Diabetes Mellitus
The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) and Insulin Resistance Index
The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), Beta Cell Function and Insulin Resistance
The Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (IAS, Hirata Disease)
Clinical Features of Hereditary Exercise-Induced Hyperinsulinemic (EIHI) Hypoglycemia
Insulin Area Under the Curve (AUC) During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Indications and Contraindications for the Use of Inhaled Insulin in a Diabetic
Calculation of an Inhaled Insulin Dose for a Diabetic
Treat-to-Target Insulin Titration Schedule of Riddle et al for a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes
Prognostic Factors of Megarbane et al Following an Insulin Overdose
Criteria of Anlauf et al for Diffuse Nesidioblastosis in an Adult with Persistent Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia (PHH)
Indications for Using an Insulin Pump in an Insulin-Dependent Diabetic
Indications for Intravenous Infusion of Regular Crystalline Insulin in a Hospitalized Nonpregnant Adult
Ratio of Urine C-Peptide to Creatinine As a Measure of Insulin Secretion
Insulin Regimen of Umpierrez et al for a Hospitalized Patient with Type 2 Diabetes: Initial Calculation of Basal-Bolus Regimen
Insulin Regimen of Umpierrez et al for a Hospitalized Patient with Type 2 Diabetes: Dose Adjustment and Supplementation in a Basal-Bolus Regimen
Insulin Infusion Regimen of Holzinger et al for Glucose Control in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Familial Leucine-Sensitive Hypoglycemia
Indications for Sweat Testing
Measuring Chloride Concentration in Sweat Collected on Gauze or Filter Paper
Measuring Sodium Concentration in Sweat Collected on Gauze or Filter Paper
Pilocarpine Delivery and Current Density in Sweat Collection
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis
Diabetes Mellitus Complicating Cystic Fibrosis
Bronchiectasis With or Without Elevated Sweat Chloride (BESC, Mutations in SCNN1)
Free Thyroxine Index (FTI, T-7, Thyroid Hormone Binding Ratio)
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) Test
Triiodothyronine-to-Thyroxine Ratio
Thyroxine-to-Thyroxine Binding Globulin Ratio
Estimate of Thyroid Volume from Body Weight and Age
Estimate of Thyroid Volume from Urinary Iodine Excretion
WHO Classification of Goiter Size
WHO Stage and Endemic Goiter in the Community
Thyroid Testing Algorithm
Clinical Diagnostic Index of Crooks et al for Thyrotoxicosis
Clinical Score of Zulewski et al for Hypothyroidism
Clinical Index of Billewicz et al for Hypothyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis Factitia and Serum Thyroglobulin Levels
Color Flow Doppler Sonography (CFDS) Patterns for the Thyroid Gland
Classification of Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis
Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS, Sick Euthyroid Syndrome, Euthyroid Sick Syndrome, Low T3 Syndrome)
Method of Bouillon et al for Measuring Fecal Thyroxine in the Diagnosis of Thyrotoxicosis Factitia
Thoracic Outlet Obstruction Associated with a Large Thyroid Goiter (Pemberton's Sign and Maneuver)
Indications of Rehman and Bajwa for Referring a Patient with Hypothyroidism to an Endocrinologist
Compression Syndromes Associated with a Substernal Goiter
Recommendations of Hurley and Gharib for Management of Multinodular Goiter
Clinical Features of Thyroid Storm (Thyrotoxic Crisis, Accelerated Hyperthyroidism)
Factors Capable of Precipitating Myxedema Coma in a Hypothyroid Patient
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Myxedema Coma
Prognostic Factors of Hylander and Rosenqvist for a Patient with Myxedema Coma
Therapy for a Patient with Myxedema Coma
Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Skuza et al Associated with Neonatal Hyperthyroidism in a Neonate Born to a Mother with Graves Disease
Factors Affecting Levothyroxine Dosage Requirements
Formulae of Kabadi and Jackson for Daily Levothyroxine Dose Based on the Serum Thyrotropin Concentration
Binding-Stimulation Index (BSI) of Tamaki et al for Evaluating a Newborn for Overt Thyrotoxicosis
Differential Diagnosis of an Elevated Serum TSH Without Hypothyroidism
Screening a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus for Thyroid Disease
Classification of Glaser and Styne for Goiter
Equations of Spencer and Waldman for the Lobes, Volume and Weight of the Thyroid
Interferon Induced Thyroiditis (IIT) in a Patient with Hepatitis C
Classification of Mandac et al for Interferon Alpha Induced Thyroiditis (IIT)
Differential Diagnosis of a Low TSH (Thyrotropin) with Normal Serum Free T4 and T3 Levels
Predictors of Glaser and Styne for Early Remission of Hyperthyroidism in a Child with a Goiter
Palpation Thyroiditis (Multifocal Granulomatous Folliculitis)
When to Suspect Thyroid Hormone Resistance (THR)
Adequacy of a Thyroid Fine Needle Aspirate for Cytodiagnosis
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Postpartum Thyroiditis
Ultrasonographic Grades of Adams et al for Postpartum Thyroiditis
Risk Factors for Permanent Hypothyroidism in a Woman with Postpartum Thyroiditis
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Riedel’s Thyroiditis
Histologic Features of Riedel’s Thyroiditis
Autoimmune Thyroiditis with Graves Disease Associated with Immune Reconstitution During HIV Therapy
Equation of Ojomo et al for Dosing Levothyroxine Following Total Thyroidectomy
Chloride-to-Phosphorus Ratio
Urinary cAMP Excretion Rate and Nephrogenous cAMP
Serum PTH Activity and Serum Calcium
Risk Factors of Pattou et al for Predicting Permanent Hypoparathyroidism After Thyroid Surgery
Method of Yamashita et al for Predicting Postoperative Tetany Following Thyroid Surgery in Women With Graves' Disease
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Double Parathyroid Adenomas
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in a Patient with Renal Hyperparathyroidism
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in a Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Risk Factors of Abboud et al for Hypocalcemia After Thyroidectomy
CaPTHUS Model of Kebebew et al for Evaluating a Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Protocol of Diaz-Aguirregoitia et al for Documenting Complete Removal of a Parathyroid Adenoma By a Fall in the Serum Total Calcium Concentration
Intraoperative Monitoring of Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels During Removal of a Parathyroid Adenoma
Risk Factors of Erbil et al for Hypocalcemic Following Total Thyroidectomy for Nontoxic Multinodular Goiter
Clinical Features of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Conditions Associated with Hypoparathyroidism
Algorithm of Miles et al for Managing Hyperparathyroidism in a Patient with a Renal Transplant
Risk Factors of Stephen et al for a False Negative Sestamibi Scan for a Parathyroid Adenoma
Clinical Features of Hyperparathyroid Crisis (Parathyroid Storm)
Factors of Vasher et al Impacting the Calcium Levels Following Outpatient Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Indications for Therapy with Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (Teriparatide)
Equation of Harvey et al for Predicting the Upper Limit of Normal for Serum Intact Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Syndrome (CDC73-Related)
Ratio of Urinary Beta-to-Alpha 17-Ketosteroids
LH-to-FSH Ratio
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test for LH and FSH
Serum Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio
Indications and Nonindications for Infusion of Albumin
Acute Phase Reactants
Formula of Keys for Calculating the Serum Oncotic Pressure from Serum Protein Concentrations
Pseudocholinesterase and the Dibucaine Number
Differential Diagnosis of Reduced Serum Cholinesterase Activity
Serum Transferrin Saturation
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and Transferrin
Serum Ferritin and Estimate of Body Iron Stores
Serum Transferrin Receptor to Ferritin Index
Transferrin Index in Iron Overload
Percent of Hypochromic Erythrocytes and Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content
Differential Diagnosis of Low Serum Concentrations of Transferrin
Hyponatremia and Body Water Excess
Hyponatremia and Body Sodium Deficit
Hypernatremia and Body Water Deficit
Evaluation of Hypernatremia
Evaluation of Hyponatremia Using Serum Osmolality and Extracellular Fluid Volume
Dilutional Hyponatremia Following Surgery Using Electrolyte-Free Irrigating Solutions (Transurethral Resection or TUR Syndrome)
Criteria of Meadow for Hypernatremia from Intentional Salt Poisoning as a Form of Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy
Estimating Salt Intake in a Patient with Intentional Salt Poisoning Based on the Serum Sodium Concentration
Correcting the Measured Serum Sodium for the Amount of Plasma or Serum Water in a Patient with Increased Lipid or Protein Concentrations
Pseudohyponatremia
Differential Diagnosis of Serum Hyponatremia and High Urine Osmolality
Body Potassium Stores
Evaluation of Hypokalemia
Evaluation and Management of Hyperkalemia
Estimating Total Exchangeable Potassium
Pseudohyperkalemia
Hypokalemia and Hypertension Associated with Licorice (Liquorice) Ingestion (Licorice Pseudohyperaldosteronism)
Equations of Kehayias et al for Predicting Total Body Potassium from Age
Risk Factors of Tang et al for Hyperkalemia in a Person Treated with Inhibitor of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Intracellular and Extracellular Potassium Estimated from Total Body Potassium and Body Water
Drugs and Toxins Associated with Hypokalemia
Water Deprivation Test for Diabetes Insipidus
Water Loading Test of the Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
Hypertonic Saline Infusion Test
Transient Vasopressin-Resistant Diabetes Insipidus of Pregnancy
Features of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Possible Causes of Diabetes Insipidus in a Patient with a Malignancy
Drugs Associated with Diabetes Insipidus
Paraneoplastic Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Secretion
Drugs Associated with the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Secretion
Acquired Causes of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Hereditary Forms of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Neurohypophyseal Diabetes Insipidus (Central DI)
Diabetes Insipidus in a Patient with Panhypopituitarism
Managing a Patient with Diabetes Insipidus and Impaired Thirst
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Secretion
Criteria of Hato and Ng for Distinguishing SIADH Secretion from Hypovolemia
Concurrent Central Diabetes Insipidus and Cerebral Salt Wasting
Serum Copeptin Concentration in Acute Illness
Urinary Metanephrine-to-Creatinine Ratio
Factitious Pheochromocytoma Associated with Self-Injection of Epinephrine
Clonidine Suppression Test
Clinical Symptoms of Kohane et al for Pheochromocytoma in a Pediatric Patient
Multiple Organ Failure (MOF) in a Patient with Pheochromocytoma
Differential Diagnosis of Increased Plasma Catecholamine Levels
Conditions Which May Present with Clinical Findings That May Mimic a Pheochromocytoma
Conditions That Can Cause a Release of Catecholamines from a Pheochromocytoma
Pseudopheochromocytoma (Severe Paroxysmal Hypertension)
Tumors That Can Secrete Catecholamines
Captopril Test
Renal Vein Renin Studies
Score for Surgical Curability in Renovascular Hypertension
Inappropriate Renin Secretion by a Tumor
Algorithm of Stewart for Screening a Patient for Mineralocorticoid-Based Hypertension
Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess (AME)
Tumors That Produce Aldosterone
Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type II (PHA2, Gordon Syndrome)
Autosomal Dominant Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type I (adPHA1)
Autosomal Recessive Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type I (arPHA1)
Transient Pseudohypoaldosteronism Associated with Disorders of the Urinary Tract
Transient Pseudohypoaldosteronism in a Transplant Patient Being Treated with Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus or Other Calcineurin Inhibitor
Differential Diagnosis of Clinical Hypoaldosteronism
Short ACTH Test (Rapid ACTH Test, Cortrosyn Stimulation Test, Short Tetracosactrin Test) in Suspected Adrenal Insufficiency
Short ACTH Test in the Diagnosis of Adrenal Hyperplasia Associated with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Long ACTH Test (Long Tetracosactrin Test)
Metyrapone Stimulation Test for ACTH, Single Dose
Metyrapone Stimulation Test for ACTH, Multiple Doses
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulation Test
Calcitonin Stimulation Test with Combined Pentagastrin-Calcium Infusion
Aldosterone-to-Cortisol Ratio
Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio
Algorithm of Stewart for Evaluating a Patient with Possible Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Clinical Featurs of Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome)
Clinical Features of Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type 1 (FH1, Glucocorticoid Suppressible Hyperaldosteronism)
Clinical Features of Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type 2 (FH2)
Algorithm of Barnett for Evaluation of a Patient with an Isolated, Incidentally Identified Adrenal Mass
Algorithm of Cook for Evaluation of a Patient with an Incidental Adrenal Mass
Imaging Features of an Adrenal Myelolipoma
Indications to Surgically Resect an Adrenal Myelolipoma
Imaging Features of a Pheochromocytoma
Imaging Features of an Adrenocortical Adenoma
Imaging Features of an Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Imaging Features of a Carcinoma Metastatic to the Adrenal Gland
Differential Diagnosis of a Cystic Lesion in the Adrenal Gland
Indications of Kasperlik-Zaluska et al for Surgical Resection of an Adrenal Incidentaloma
Modified Symptom Score of Verhelst et al for a Patient with Acromegaly
Consensus Criteria of Giustina et al for Treatment Outcome in a Patient with Acromegaly
Consensus Criteria of Giustina et al for Exclusion of Acromegaly Using Laboratory Tests
Risk Factors of Holdaway et al for Mortality in Acromegaly
Clinical Activity Score of Kahaly et al for a Patient with Acromegaly
Clinical Activity Score of Jasper et al for a Patient with Acromegaly
Sesamoid Index in a Patient with Acromegaly
Monitoring an Alcoholic for Relapse Using Liver Function Tests
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin and the Transferrin Index
Urine 5-Hydroxytryptophol
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Blood
Screening Pregnant Women for Significant Alcohol Consumption Using a Metabolic Panel
Ethyl Glucuronide to Screen for Ethanol Consumption
Interpreting the Results of Urine Tests for Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulfate
Criteria for the Protease-Inhibitor Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
Determining the Clinical Severity of Protease-Inhibitor Associated Lipodystrophy
HIV-Associated Facial Lipoatrophy Grading Scale of James et al
HIV Lipodystrophy Scoring System
Algorithm of Tefferi et al for Interpretation of Urine Porphyrins
Factors That May Precipitate Symptoms in a Patient with Porphyria
Clinical Features of an Acute Porphyric Attack
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda as an Indicator of an Underlying Malignancy
Clinical Features of Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT)
Management of a Patient with Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT)
Protocol of Anderson et al for Infusing Hematin During an Acute Attack of Porphyria
Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Deficiency (ALAD, Plumboporphyria, Lead-Associated Porphyria)
Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP)
Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)
Variegate Porphyria (VP)
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP)
Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria (HEP)
Comparison of the Different Porphyrias
Therapeutic Approach for an Acute Porphyria Attack
Causes of Cutaneous Pseudoporphyria
Screening Examination of Patient Samples for Porphyria
Clinical Findings Suggesting the Presence of an Inherited Metabolic Disease in an Infant
Differential Diagnosis of an Infant or Child Presenting with Acidosis and/or Ketosis
Initial Evaluation of a Neonate with an Elevated Plasma Ammonia Concentration
Clinical Features of Trimethylaminuria (Fish Malodor Syndrome)
Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Chronic Intermittent Isovaleric Acidemia
Screening for a Urea Cycle Disorder Prior to Initiation of Valproic Acid Therapy
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (LPI)
Diagnostic Clues to a Urea Cycle Disorder
Factors That Can Cause Deterioration in a Patient with a Urea Cycle Disorder
Clinical Features of Canavan Disease (Aspartoacylase Deficiency)
Identifying an Infant or Young Child at Low Risk for a Significant Inherited Metabolic Disorder
Laboratory Findings That May Indicate the Presence of an Organic Acidemia/Aciduria
Clinical Findings That May Indicate the Presence of an Organic Acidemia/Aciduria
Glycerol Intolerance Syndrome (GIS)
Glycerol Kinase Deficiency (GKD)
The Overnight Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Screening Test
Use of an Intravenous Loading Test to Diagnose Magnesium Deficiency
Risk Factors for Hypermagnesemia
Clinical Findings in Hypermagnesemia
Equation of Koch et al for Estimating Ionized Magnesium Levels from the Total Magnesium Concentration
Causes of Magnesium Depletion and Hypomagnesemia
Screening a Patient for Magnesium Deficiency with Magnesium Excretion in a 24 Hour Urine
Clinical Features of Hypomagnesemia
Hypomagnesemia Secondary to Omeprazole (Proton Pump Inhibitor) Therapy
Estimating Dehydration and Fluid Volume Depletion in Cholera and Other Conditions
Fluid and Electrolyte Loss Associated with Various Body Secretions
Method of Holliday and Segar for Determining the Maintenance Fluid and Electrolyte Requirements of a Hospitalized Patient
Formula for Estimating the Change in Serum Sodium Levels During Treatment of Hyponatremia
The WHO Reduced Osmolarity Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)
Replacement of Fluid Loss By Administering Fluids Per Rectum
Risk Factors from the American Medical Directors Association for Dehydration or Fluid-Electrolyte Imbalance
Ways to Alter the Infusion Rate of Fluids into a Patient (Including Poiseuille's Law)
Risk Factors for Dehydration in an Elderly Patient
Water Requirements of Sawka and Montain for Various Temperature and Exertion Levels
Daily Sodium Requirements of Sawka and Montain for Various Temperature and Exertion Levels
Signs of Dehydration in an Elderly Adult
Risk Factors for Dehydration in a Patient with Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Non-Ceruloplasmin Bound Serum Copper (Free Serum Copper, Copper Index)
Clinical Features of Hereditary Aceruloplasminemia
Interpretation of a Serum Ceruloplasmin Concentration
Criteria for the Diagnosis of D-Lactic Acidosis
Clinical Types of Lactic Acidosis
Risk Factors of Marceau et al for Hyperlactatemia in an HIV-Positive Patient
Diagnostic Approach of Marceau et al for Hyperlactatemia in an HIV-Positive Patient
Risk Factors for Lactic Acidosis in a Patient Taking Metformin
Lactic Acidosis in a Patient with Neoplastic Disease
Blood Lactate to Pyruvate Ratio in a Patient with Congenital Lactic Acidosis
Criteria for the Diagnosis of the Metabolic Syndrome
WHO Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome
International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome
Antioxidant Gap
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis and Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid (BHBA)
The Ketone Body Ratio in Patients with Liver Disease
Guidelines of Coursin and Wood for Adrenal Supplementation Therapy in Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency
SESAP Guidelines for Corticosteroid Supplementation in a Surgical Patient
Risk Factors for Acute Hemorrhage into the Adrenal Glands
Diagnosis of a Patient with Acute Hemorrhage into the Adrenal Glands
Clinical Features of Acute Adrenal Crisis (Acute Addisonian Crisis)
Criteria of Marik et al for the Hepatoadrenal Syndrome
Clinical and Laboratory Features of the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Unresponsiveness
Risk Factors of Omori et al for Adrenal Crisis in a Patient with Adrenal Insufficiency
Brittle Addison’s Disease
Reasons Why a Patient with Addison's Disease May Not Have Hyperkalemia
Clinical Features of Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency
Factors of Oboni et al That Can Help to Identify a Medical Patient Being Admitted to the Hospital Who May Have Adrenal Insufficiency
The Phosphorus Depletion Syndrome in Severe Hypophosphatemia
Protocol of Taylor et al for Phosphorus Repletion in a Patient in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Protocol of Rosen et al for Phosphate Repletion for a Critically Ill Patient with Moderate Hypophosphatemia
Risk Factors of Beloosesky et al for Hyperphosphatemia and Hypokalemia in an Elderly Patient Receiving Oral Sodium Phosphate for Bowel Cleansing
Sheehan's Syndrome
Pituitary Apoplexy
Equations of Di Chiro for Calculating the Volume of the Pituitary Gland
The Empty Sella Syndrome
Clinical Symptoms of Hypopituitarism in Children
Clinical Symptoms of Hypopituitarism in Adults
Risk Factors of Tomlinson et al for Premature Mortality in a Patient with Hypopituitarism
Clinical Features of Lymphocytic Hypophysitis
Clinical Features of Pituitary Hypoplasia Associated with Midline Facial Defects and Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies (MPHD)
TSH Index (TSHI) of Jostel et al for Identifying a Patient with Hypopituitarism
Radiologic Score of Gutenberg et al for Distinguishing Autoimmune Hypophysitis from Nonsecreting Pituitary Adenoma
Criteria of Leporati et al for IgG4-Related Hypophysitis
Indications to Screen a Patient for Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Features of Pediatric Liver Disease Associated with PI*ZZ Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Serum Levels of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Disease in a Patient with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Risk of Chronic Liver Disease in a Patient with the MZ Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Phenotype
Algorithm of Bornhorst et al for Evaluating a Patient for Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
FDA Indications for Therapy with Growth Hormone
Indications for Evaluating a Child for Growth Hormone Deficiency
Growth Hormone Insensitivity Syndrome with Laron Dwarfism
Score of Savage et al for Identifying a Patient with the Growth Hormone Insensitivity Syndrome
Score of Blum et al for Identifying a Patient with the Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency (GHRD, Modified Savage Score)
Clinical Decision Rule of Duche et al for Testing a Short Child for Growth Hormone Deficiency
Adverse Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy in a Patient with Growth Hormone Deficiency
Clinical Features of Ross and Linch for Patients with Cushing's Syndrome
Discriminant Indices of Ross and Linch When Evaluating an Obese Patient for Cushing's Syndrome
Factitious Cushing's Syndrome
Differentiation of the Pseudo-Cushing Syndrome from Cushing's Syndrome
Clinical Features of an Adrenocortical Tumor in a Pediatric Patient
Activity of 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in a Patient with Cushing's Syndrome, Urine Cortisol and Ratio of Tetrahydrocortisol to Tetrahydrocortisone
Complications of Prolonged or High Dose Corticosteroid Therapy
Corticosteroid Withdrawal (Steroid Withdrawal Syndromes, SWS)
Pseudohyperchloremia and Decreased Anion Gap in Bromide or Iodide Intoxication
Criteria of Buzi et al for Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dysplasia (APECED, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type I)
Clinical Features of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Syndrome Type II (Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II, Schmidt's Syndrome with Addison's Disease)
Macroprolactinemia and Pseudohyperprolactinemia
Drugs, Herbs and Chemicals Associated with Hyperprolactinemia
Extracranial Disorders Associated with Hyperprolactinemia
Hypothalamic and Pituitary Causes of Hyperprolactinemia
Paraneoplastic Hyperprolactinemia
Clinical Effects of Histamine
Drug-Induced Histamine Intolerance
Red Wine Provocation Test for Histamine-Related Wine Intolerance (Wine Allergy or Pseudoallergy)
Foods That Can Release Histamine from Duodenal Mast Cells
2013 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Therapy to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in an Adult Associated with an Elevated Blood Cholesterol
2013 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Therapy to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in an Adult Associated with an Elevated Blood Cholesterol: Statin Drugs and Intensity of Therapy
2013 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Therapy to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in an Adult: Initiating Statin Therapy in a Patient with Clinical Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD)
TOPICS Diabetes Screening Score of Heianza et al
Hypothyroidism in a Female Patient with Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Women Who Should be Targeted for Thyroid Testing During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Ectopic Intrapulmonary Thyroid Tissue
Wisconsin Index Nomogram (WIN) of Mazeh et al
Prediction Score of Kupers et al for Diagnosis of Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Clinical Features of Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (SCAD) Deficiency
Sick Day Recommendations of Singh for a Patient with a Urea Cycle Disorder (UCD)
Clinical Dehydration Scale (CDS) of Friedman et al for Infants and Young Children
Criteria of Barber et al for Nelson's Syndrome
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Nelson Syndrome
Pituitary Apoplexy Score (PAS)
Indications for Conservative Management in a Patient with Acute Pituitary Apoplexy
Indications for Surgery in a Patient with Acute Pituitary Apoplexy
Indications for Corticosteroid Therapy in a Patient with Acute Pituitary Apoplexy
Prognostic Factors of Lambert et al for Long-Term Outcomes in a Patient with Treated Cushing's Disease
Criteria of Lambert et al for Therapeutic Response in a Patient with Treated Cushing's Disease
Criteria of Lambert et al for the Diagnosis of Cushing’s Disease
Criteria of Terzolo et al for Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome
Recommendations of Terzolo et al for Managing a Patient with Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome
Clinical Features of Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL, Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome)
Diagnostic Criteria of Van Maldergem for Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy (BSCL)
Clinical Features of Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy (AGL, Lawrence Syndrome)
Clinical Featurs of Acquired Partial Lipodystrophy (APL, Barraquer-Simons Syndrome)
Clinical Featurs of Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPL)
Clues Associated with Lipodystrophy
Clinical Features of a Male with Hereditary Aromatase Deficiency
Clinical Features of a Female with Hereditary Aromatase Deficiency
Causes of Hypertriglyercidemia
Monitoring a Patient on Statin Therapy
Risk Factors Associated with Statin Intolerance
Iron Deficiency and Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Severity Measure (DMSEV) of Linzer et al
Prediction of Mortality in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis Based on Body Weight and FEV1
Silent Thyroiditis (Painless Thyroiditis)
Ascites Secondary to Hypothyroidism (Myxedema Ascites)
Criteria of Jankowska et al for Iron Deficiency
Risk Factors of Chow et al for Hyponatremia Associated with Thiazide Therapy
Checklist of Hahn for the Transurethral Resection Syndrome (TURS)
Equation of Burmeister for Estimating Total Body Potassium Content in a Male
Criteria of Khan et al for the Isometric Syndrome (Masked SIADH Secretion Associated with Isotonic Saline Infusion Following Spinal Fusion Surgery)
Differential Diagnosis of Calcifications in the Adrenal Gland
Fluid Overload Equation of Goldstein et al
Predicting Hyperglycemic Crisis Death (PHD) Score of Huang et al
Ultrasound Total Nodule Score of Pompili et al
McGill Thyroid Nodule Score (MTNS) of Sands et al
Ectopic Tissue In and Adjacent to the Thyroid Gland
Lithium-Associated Hyperparathyroidism (LAH)
Spontaneous Hemorrhage into a Parathyroid Adenoma or Hyperplastic Nodule (Parathyroid Apoplexy)
Signs and Symptoms Associated with Pheochromocytoma in the Adult
Reasons Why the Diagnosis of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (A1AT) May Be Delayed or Missed
Topical Corticosteroid Withdrawal Syndrome
Cardiometabolic Disease Staging System (CMDS) of Guo et al
Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool (AUSDRISK)
DiaRem Score of Still et al for Predicting Remission from Type 2 Diabetes Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Surgery
Model of Dixon et al for Predicting Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Following Gastric Bypass Surgery (Bariatric Surgery)
Model of Wong et al for Predicting Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population
Findings in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Who Present As Adults
Thyroidectomy Difficulty Scale (TDS) of Schneider et al
Predictors of Mok et al for a Difficult Thyroidectomy
Familial Pseudohyperkalemia Associated with Dehydrated Hereditary Stomatocytosis (DHS, Hereditary Xerocytosis)
Indications to Screen a Patient for Hyperaldosteronism
Recommendations of Armon et al for Oral Rehydration of a Pediatric Patient with Acute Gastroenteritis
Recommendations of Armon et al for Oral Fluid Maintenance Requirements of a Pediatric Patient with Acute Gastroenteritis
Criteria of Armon et al for Dehydration in a Pediatric Patient with Gastroenteritis
Recommendations of Armon et al for Managing Severe Dehydration in a Pediatric Patient with Gastroenteritis
Recommendations of Armon et al for a Managing a Pediatric Patient With Gastroenteritis and Mild or Moderate Dehydration
Clinical Features Associated with Hypernatremic Dehydration in a Young Child with Acute Gastroenteritis
Prognostic Significance of Relative Adrenal Insufficiency (RAI) in a Patient with Liver Disease
Predictors of Suwarto et al for 5-Day Mortality in a Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)
Mortality Prediction Model of Efstathiou et al for Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Score of Tomoda et al for Predicting Subclinical Hypothyroidism After Hemithyroidectomy
Score of Moon et al for Predicting Hypothyroidism in an Asian After Hemithyroidectomy
Estimating Thyroid Volume from Ultrasonography Based on the Study of Miccoli et al
Risk Factors of Su et al for Hypothyroidism After Hemithyroidectomy
ACROSCORE of Prencipe et al for Evaluating a Patient with a Pituitary Tumor
Score of Fernandez-Rodriguez et al for Acromegaly
Criteria of Gustina et al for Biochemical Cure of Acromegaly
Sudden Cardiac Death Associated with Hypomagnesemia
Viral Subacute Thyroiditis (Virus-Associated de Quervain Thyroiditis)
Risk Factors of Jung et al for In-Hospital Mortality for a Patient Admitted with Community-Acquired Hypernatremia (CAH)
Clinical Findings Associated with Undiagnosed or Untreated Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Differential Diagnosis of Hyperphenylalaninemia
Classification of Guldberg et al for Phenylketonuria Based on Phenotype
Method of Guldberg et al for Predicting Phenylketonuria Phenotype from Genotype
Phenylalanine to Tyrosine Ratio in Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Scores of Hennermann et al for Evaluating a Patient with Glycine Encephalopathy (GE, Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia): Severity Score
Scores of Hennermann et al for Evaluating a Patient with Glycine Encephalopathy (GE, Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia): Outcome Score
Classification of Hennermann et al for a Patient with Glycine Encephalopathy (GE, Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia)
Late-Onset Glycine Encephalopathy with Atypical Features Triggered By Febrile Illness
CSF-to-Plasma Glycine Ratio in the Diagnosis of Glycine Encephalopathy (GE, Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia)
Central Nervous System (CNS) Abnormalities Associated with Glycine Encephalopathy (GE, Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia)
Clinical Findings Associated with Glycine Encephalopathy (GE, Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia)
13C-Glycine Breath Test in the Diagnosis of Glycine Encephalopathy (GE, Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia)
Therapy with Sapropterin Dihydrochloride (6R-BH4) in a Patient with Phenylketonuria
Glycine and Glycine-Serine Indices During Benzoate Therapy in a Patient with Glycine Encephalopathy (GE, Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia)
Myxedema Coma Screening Tool of Chiong et al
WIG Score of Shantha for Predicting Dose Reduction in Antidiabetes Medications with Weight Loss
Graves' Recurrent Events After Therapy (GREAT) Scores of Vos et al for Predicting Recurrence of Graves' Disease After Antithyroid Drug Therapy
Score of Popoveniuc et al for Myxedema Coma
Differential Diagnosis of Extreme Hyperferritinemia
Study of O'Donoghue et al for Acquired Hypernatremia in the Intensive Care Unit and In-Hospital Mortality
Clinical Features of Classic Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
Clinical Features of Intermediate Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
Clinical Features of Intermittent Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) and Recurrent Infection
Clinical Features of Thiamine-Responsive Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
Cerebral Edema in Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
Dehydration Risk Appraisal Checklist (DRAC) of Mentes et al
Conditions Associated with Glutathione Deficiency
Risk Factors for Adrenal Insufficiency in a Burn Patient
Causes of a Low Serum Inorganic Phosphorus (Hypophosphatemia)
Causes of a High Serum Inorganic Phosphorus (Hyperphosphatemia)
Sellar Spine
Differential Diagnosis of Intrasellar Calcifications
Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index (GTI)
List of Glucocorticoid Adverse Effects Considered for the Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index (GTI)
Grading Dermal Toxicity of Glucocorticoid Therapy
Clinical Findings in a Patient with Hyperprolactinemia
Indications for Surgery in a Patient with Hyperprolactinemia Due to a Pituitary Adenoma
Clinical Findings Associated with Coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10, Ubiquinone) Deficiency
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Hereditary Hypophosphatasia
Odontohypophosphatasia
Hypoglycemia Following Gastric-Bypass (Post-Bariatric Surgery Hypoglycemia)
IgG4-Related Thyroiditis
Hashitoxicosis
Subclinical (Silent) Hyperthyroidism or Hypothyroidism
Geriatric Dehydration Screening Test (DST) of Rodrigues et al
Obligatory Urine Volume and Free Water Reserve (FWR) in an Adult
Etomidate-Associated Adrenal Insufficiency
Hypophosphatemia in a Patient with Severe Burns
ASCVD Risk Enhancing Factors to Include in Decision-Making for Lipid-Lowering Therapy
Risk Enhancing Conditions in Diabetes Mellitus for Future Atherosclerotic Events
Amyloid Goiter
Risk Score of Obokata et al for Predicting the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Japan
Opioid-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency (OIAI)
Serum Phosphate and Prognosis After Hepatectomy or Liver Transplant
Serum Inorganic Phosphorus Concentration and Mortality in Serious Infections
Black Hypopituitarism in Pituitary Hemosiderosis
Delta Anion and Delta Bicarbonate Gaps
Equation of Martin et al for Estimating LDL Cholesterol
Serum Cholesterol Cut-Offs of Williams et al for Familial Heterozygous Hypercholesterolemia (MEDPED Criteria)
Criteria of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network for Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Simon Broome Criteria for Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Screening Criteria of the National Lipid Association (NLA) for Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)
Ratio of Serum Triglycerides to HDL Cholesterol and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma
Unexplained Osmolal Gap in Metabolic Acidosis
Post-Pancreatectomy Diabetes Index of Maxwell et al
Estimated Hemoglobin A1c (eHbA1c) Equation of the Jaeb Center for Health Research
Preoperative Findings of Stallard et al for Predicting Remission of Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery
Score of Bang et al for Determining a Patient's Risk of Diabetes
Model of Teede et al for Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Risk
Model of Cederholm et al for Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Type 1 Diabetic in Sweden
Hypoglycemia Risk Stratification Tool of Karter et al for a Type 2 Diabetic
Questionnaire of Herman et al for Identifying an Adult with Undiagnosed Diabetes
Models of Gao et al for Predicting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Pregnant Woman: Model 1
Models of Gao et al for Predicting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Pregnant Woman: Model 2
Patterns of Service et al for C-Peptide Response to Intravenous Glucagon
Model of Sitges-Serra et al for Predicting Permanent Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy
Causes of Iron Deficiency
Hyperkalemia Associated with Beta-Blocker Therapy
Drug-Induced Hyperlactatemia
Criteria of the Chinese Medical Association for Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome
Criteria of Grundy et al for the Clinical Diagnosis of the Metabolic Syndrome
Hypophosphatemia Following Intravenous Infusion of Ferric Carboxymaltose
Presentations of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (NAGMA)
Equations of Sampson et al for Estimating VLDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol (NIH Equation)
Diagnostic Categories of the American Heart Association (AHA) for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Diagnostic Categories of the American Heart Association (AHA) for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy
Dawn Phenomenon in a Patient with Diabetes
Predictors of Xu et al for a Prolonged Length of Stay and Readmission Associated with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Risk Factors of Wu et al for New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Partial Pancreatectomy
Nomogram of Liu et al for Predicting Diabetes in a Patient with Chronic Pancreatitis
Triglyceride and Fasting Glucose Product (TyG) of Simental-Mendia et al
Wisconsin Index (WIN) of Mazeh et al for Evaluating a Patient with Hyperparathyroidism
Brown Tumor of Bone in Hyperparathyroidism
Pseudohyperaldosteronism Associated with Posaconazole Therapy
Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) Score of Burrello et al
Primary Aldosteronism Subtype Prediction Score of Kobayashi et al
2017 Score of Kobayashi et al for Bilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Model of Kamemura et al for Predicting Laterality of Primary Aldosteronism
Prediction Score of Nanba et al for Primary Aldosteronism
Aldosteronoma Resolution Score (ARS) of Zarnegar et al
Clinical Prediction Rule of Kocjan et al for Identifying a Patient with Bilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Clinical Prediction Score of Leung et al for Distinguishing an Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma from Idiopathic Adrenal Hyperplasia in Primary Aldosteronism
Score of Kietsiriroje et al for Predicting Primary Aldosteronism
Domain Score of van Rijt et al for a Patient with Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD)
Clinical Features of Glutaric Aciduria Type I (GA-I)
Laboratory Diagnosis of Glutaric Aciduria Type I (GA-I)
Differential Diagnosis of Glutaric Aciduria Type I (GA-I)
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Propionic Acidemia (PA)
Triggers for Acute Exacerbation of Propionic Acidemia (PA) or Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA)
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA)
Cerebral Imaging Changes Associated with Glutaric Aciduria Type I (GA-I)
Score of Gorelick et al for Dehydration in Young Children
World Health Organization (WHO) Dehydration Scale
Risk Factors for Hyperlactatemia Associated with Propylene Glycol
Pediatric siMS (PsiMS) Score for Metabolic Syndrome
siMS Score of Soldatovic et al for the Metabolic Syndrome
Criteria of Zembic et al for Metabolically Healthy Obesity
Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency (CIRCI)
Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient with Alcoholic Hepatitis in the Absence of Cirrhosis
Hypophosphatemia Associated with the Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
Adrenal Fusion
Glucagon Cell Hyperplasia and Neoplasia (Mahvash Syndrome, Glucagon Cell Adenomatosis)
Mnemonics for High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA)
Criteria of the European Atherosclerosis Society for Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
ABCD Score of Lee et al for Predicting Improvement in Diabetes Following Metabolic (Bariatric) Surgery in a Morbidly Obese Patient (Diabetes Surgery Score)
Individualized Metabolic Surgical Score (IMSS) of Aminian et al
Ratio of Postprandial Serum C-Peptide to Glucose (Postprandial CPR Index)
Iodine-Induced Hyperthyroidism (Jod-Basedow Phenomenon)
Thyroid Dermopathy (Pretibial Myxedema) and Acropachy
Iodine-Induced Reduction in Thyroid Hormone Production (Wolff Chaitoff Effect)
ReSoMal (Rehydration Solution for Malnutrition)
Septic Ketoacidosis
Starvation Ketoacidosis (Fasting Ketoacidosis)
Recurrent Adrenal Crisis as an Indication of Thyrotoxicosis in a Patient with Addison's Disease
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Classic 21-Dehydrogenase Deficiency (21-OHD)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Nonclassic 21-Dehydrogenase Deficiency (21-OHD)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Other Enzyme Deficiencies
Congenital Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia (CLAH)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Associated with POR Deficiency
Clinical Features of Pyroglutamic Acidemia and Aciduria (5-Oxoprolinuria)
Causes of Pyroglutamic Acidemia and Aciduria (5-Oxoprolinuria)
Model of van Leeuwen et al for Predicting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Pregnant Woman
Risk Factors of de Medeiros Nobrega et al for Charcot Foot
Equations of Hoshino et al for Estimating Blood Glucose in a Patient on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Equation of Rohlfing et al for Predicting Mean Plasma Glucose from Hemoglobin A1c
Screening Tool of Cho et al for Undiagnosed Diabetes in a Korean Adult
Screening Score of Lee et al for Diabetes in an Adult Korean
Diabetes Risk Score of Aekplakorn et al for a Thai Population
Modified FINDRISC Score of Li et al to Screen for Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Risk Score of Al-Lawati and Tuomilehto for Arabs in Oman and the Middle East
Risk Score of Gao et al for Undiagnosed Diabetes in a Chinese Adult
Risk Scores of Kahn et al for Incident Diabetes in Adults: Basic Score
Risk Scores of Kahn et al for Incident Diabetes in Adults: Enhanced Score
Clinical Risk Score of Balkau et al for Diabetes in a French Adult (DESIR Model)
Models of Balkau et al for Predicting Diabetes: Equations for Men
Models of Balkau et al for Predicting Diabetes: Equations for Women
Models of Xie et al for Identifying Chinese Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
CART Models of Xie et al for Identifying Chinese Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Score of Nelson and Boyko for Predicting Impaired Glucose Tolerance in an Adult (NHANES III Score)
STOP-NIDDM Score of Tuomilehto et al for the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Extrathyroid Autoimmune Conditions Associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Causes of Drug-Induced Thyroiditis
Differential Diagnosis of Black Thyroid
Clinical Features of Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency
Ionized Magnesium
Japanese Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score (JAMRISC)
Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) of Bello-Chavolla et al
Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) of Bello-Chavolla et al
Equation of Bello-Chavolla et al for Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT)
Single Cortisol Screen of Mackenzie et al for Adrenal Insufficiency
Hereditary Disorders Associated with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Differential Diagnosis of Hypochloremia
Differential Diagnosis of Hyperchloremia
GOLD MARK and JUSMALE Mnemonics for High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA)
Model of Li et al for Predicting Post-Partum Type 2 Diabetes in a Chinese Woman with Gestational Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus Risk Scoring Algorithm to Screen for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Score of Shao et al for Evaluating a Thyroid Nodule By Ultrasonography
Model of Baek et al for Predicting Relapse of Graves' Disease
Risk Factors of Kermani et al for Hypothyroidism in a Patient with Vasculitis
Causes of Hyperferritinemia in a Patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
PACT Score of Burrello et al for Avoiding Confirmatory Testing in a Patient plwith Suspected Primary Aldosteronism
Clinical Features of Arginase-1 Deficiency
Psychosis Metabolic Risk Calculator (PsyMetRiC)
Red Flags of Aresta et al for Hidden Hypercortisolism in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes
Neonatal Diabetes, Congenital Hypothyroidism and Congenital Glaucoma Associated with GLIS3 Mutations
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EDKA)
Seventy-Two Hour Mortality Prediction Model of Siregar et al for an Adult with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Risk Factors of Rugg-Gunn et al for Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Onset of Type 1 Diabetes in a Pediatric Patient
Conditions That May Precipitate/Cause Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Rhabdomyolysis in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Predictors of Huang et al for Infection as the Cause of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hypoglycemia in a Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Extreme Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Drug-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Criteria of Lapolla et al for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Clinical Features of Cerebral Edema in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Red Flags of Lilley et al for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Initial Testing for a Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Monitoring the Patient During Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Fluid Administration
Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Insulin Administration
Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Potassium Replacement
Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Replacement of Other Electrolytes
Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Risk for Recurrent Ketoacidosis
Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Troubleshooting Failure of Acid-Base Improvement
Causes of Respiratory Deterioration in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Metabolic Encephalopathy in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Risk Factors for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Associated with Surgery
Diabetic Ketoacidosis During Pregnancy
Risk Score of Ko et al to Identify a Southern Chinese Adult at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Model of Yang et al for Predicting 5-Year All-Cause Mortality for a Type 2 Diabetic
Risk Factors of Santivanez et al for Subclinical Hypothyroidism in a Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Nomogram of Lin et al for Predicting Delayed Hyponatremia After Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma
Endothelial Damage Associated with Intravenous Infusion of Concentrated Potassium Chloride
ADRENAL Score of Zhou et al for Evaluating an Adrenal Mass
Lactic Acidosis Associated with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI) and Prognosis in a Male Patient with Alcohol Ketoacidosis (AKA)
Prognostic Factors of Jang et al for a Patient with Alcoholic Ketoacidosis (AKA)
Clinical Features of Alcoholic Ketoacidosis (AKA)
Adrenal Infarction Associated with Methamphetamine Use
Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)
Steroid Replacement Recommendations of Kusz and Gawlik for a Paitent with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Adrenal Insufficiency
Hypophosphatemia in Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Temporal Classification of Guijt et al for Pituitary Apoplexy
Acute Adrenal Infarction Associated with Pregnancy
Causes of Nondiabetic Ketoacidosis
Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG)
Equation of Ramirez-Sandoval et al for Estimating Serum Free (Ionized) Calcium
Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Lithium Treated Patients
Hypoglycemia Associated with Tramadol
PeRSonal GDM Model of Cooray et al for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Woman with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
CUT Score of Ianni et al for a Thyroid Nodule
Score of Phimphilai et al for Hypocalcemia After Parathyroidectomy in a Patient with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
SHOR Score of Woodfine et al for Predicting Overcorrection of Hyponatremia
Predictors of Muangnoo et al for a Functioning Adrenal Incidentaloma
Score of Barry et al for Predicting Dehydration in a Patient with Acute Diarrhea
Risk Model of Ibrahim et al for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife
Pediatric Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index: Skin Toxicity
Pediatric Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index: Musculoskeletal and Body Measures
Pediatric Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Effects
Pediatric Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index: CNS Toxicity and Risk of Infection
Pediatric Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index: Total Score
Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia
Lipid Athlete Score of De Gioia et al
Hypercalcemia Due to Excessive Intake of Calcium Supplement
Model of Han et al for Predicting Progression Prediabetes for an Adult in China: Stepwise Model
Model of Han et al for Predicting Progression Prediabetes for an Adult in China: Nomogram
Salt Loss Syndrome in Cystic Fibrosis
Metabolic Alkalosis in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis, Including Pseudo-Bartter's Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis of Metabolic Acidosis in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis
Criteria of Savant et al for Cystic Fibrosis
Transepithelial Nasal Potential Difference (NPD) in Cystic Fibrosis
Score of Amitani et al for Predicting Hypothyroidism Following Hemithyroidectomy
Thiazide-Associated Hyponatremia
ABCDF-S Score to Screen for Thiazide-Associated Hyponatremia
Drug-Induced Hyponatremia
Dietary Hyperkalemia Associated with Fruits and Vegetables High in Potassium
Nomogram of Yang et al for Predicting Clinical Outcome in Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Score of Yang et al for Predicting Remission of Hypertension After Treatment of Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism (NBPS)
Magnesium Depletion Score (MDS)
Magnesium Tolerance Test (MTT, Magnesium Load Test)
Predictive Score of Bioletto et al for the Diagnosis of Central Adrenal Insufficiency (CAI Score) with a Borderline Morning Serum Cortisol
Predictive Model of Salim et al for Metabolic Syndrome in a Japanese Adult
Osilodrostat-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency
Clinical Score of Gupta et al for Remission in Cushing's Disease
Monitoring of Serum Estradiol Concentrations in Women Receiving an Aromatase Inhibitor as Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer
Nomogram of Gao and Zhao for Hypoglycemia in a Critically Ill Septic Adult
Equation of de Cordova and de Cordova for Estimation of LDL-Cholesterol
Formula of Chen et al for Estimating Serum LDL-Cholesterol Concentration in an Adult
Formula of Hattori et al for Estimating Serum LDL Cholesterol Concentration
Formula of Ahmadi et al for Estimating Serum LDL-Cholesterol
Formula of Anandaraja et al for Estimating Serum LDL-Cholesterol
Formula of Teerakanchana et al for Estimating the Concentration of LDL Cholesterol
Formula of DeLong et al for Estimating Serum LDL Cholesterol
Formula of Rao et al for Estimating Serum LDL Cholesterol
Formula of Hattori et al for Estimating Serum LDL-Apo B Concentration
Familial Chylomicronemia Score (FCS) of Moulin et al
Additional Predictors of Bashir et al for Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome
Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (MCS)
Serum Triglyceride to Serum Total Cholesterol Ratio and Other Serum Tests in Chylomicronemia
Autoimmune Hyperchylomicronemia
Predictive Model of Chang et al for Mortality in an Older Adult with Diabetes
Score of Shah et al for Predicting Hyperglycemia at Coronary Angiography (PCI)
Predictors of Loh et al for Resolution of Hypertension After Adrenalectomy on a Patient with Primary Aldosteronism
Metabolic Risk Score (MRS) of Sha et al
Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient with Tuberculosis
Adrenal Insufficiency in an HIV-Positive Patient
Autoimmune Adrenal Insufficiency (Autoimmune Addison's Disease)
Glucocorticoid Resistance
Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Duration of Glucocorticoid Therapy for a Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction

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