The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and American Heart Association (AHA) describe stages of heart failure (HF).
Parameters:
(1) risk for heart failure
(2) structural heart disease
(3) signs and symptoms of heart failure
(4) response to therapy
Risk for Heart Failure
Structural Heart Disease
Symptoms
Responds to Therapy
Stage
low
absent
NA
0
high
A
present
B
yes
C
no (refracotry0
D
where:
• Therapy of Stage D may require specialized interventions.
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Specialty: Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Cardiology
