The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades severity of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), based on spirometric findings.
The GOLD stages are applied if the FEV1 to FVC ratio is < 0.70.
ratio of measured to predicted FEV(1)
GOLD Stage
Severity
>= 80%
GOLD 1
mild
50 - 79%
GOLD 2
moderate
30 - 49%
GOLD 3
severe
< 30%
GOLD 4
very severe
If references values for FEV(1) are not available, the equations of Crapo et al (1981) can be used to calculate a predicted FEV(1) value for the patient.
predicted FEV(1) in liters for males =
= (0.0414 * (height in cm)) - (0.0244 * (age in years)) - 2.190
predicted FEV(1) in liters females =
= (0.0342 * (height in cm)) - (0.0255 * (age in years)) - 1.578
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