Willital et al proposed a classification for chest deformities. This can help specify the defect and plan management. The authors are from University Clinic Graz, Pediatric Surgical Research Institute Munster and Surgical Clinic Hospital Muhldorf/Inn (Munich).
Type |
Description |
Percent |
1 |
symmetrical funnel chest |
45 |
2 |
asymmetrical funnel chest |
15 |
3 |
symmetrical funnel chest and platythorax |
22 |
4 |
asymmetrical funnel chest and platythorax |
8 |
5 |
symmetrical pigeon chest |
2 |
6 |
asymmetrical pigeon chest |
1 |
7 |
symmetrical pigeon chest and platythorax |
2 |
8 |
asymmetrical pigeon chest and platythorax |
1 |
9 |
pigeon chest and funnel chest |
2 |
10 |
rib aplasia |
1 |
11 |
vertically cleft sternum |
1 |
Type |
Sternum |
Sterno-Costal Junction |
Costal Arch |
1 |
depression |
depression |
bilateral protrusions |
2 |
depression and rotation |
depression with different steep walls of funnel |
bilateral protrusions at different levels |
3 |
depression with flat thorax |
depression with flat thorax |
minimal protrusions bilateral |
4 |
depression and rotation with flat thorax |
depression with different steep walls of funnel and flat thorax |
minimal protusion unilateral |
5 |
protrusion |
protrusion |
NA |
6 |
protrusion and rotation |
protrusion with different steep walls of protrusion |
NA |
7 |
protrusion with flat thorax |
protrusion with flat thorax |
NA |
8 |
protrusion and rotation with flat thorx |
protrusion with different steep walls and flat thorax |
NA |
9 |
depression and rotation |
protrusion and depression |
NA |
10 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
11 |
cleft |
NA |
NA |
Type |
Special Features |
1 |
deepest sternal depression either in upper, middle or lower part |
2 |
deepest sternal depression either in upper, middle or lower part |
3 |
NA |
4 |
NA |
5 |
malformation starts at the manubrium-sternal junction |
6 |
malformation starts at the manubrium-sternal junction |
7 |
NA |
8 |
NA |
9 |
sternal malformation at different parts of the sternum |
10 |
special surgical technique |
11 |
special surgical technique |
Specialty: Pedatrics
ICD-10: ,