Data fabrication and falsification are two forms of lying that involve research data.
Requirements:
(1) must involve intentional misconduct
(2) exclusion of accident or unintentional error
(3) exclusion of a difference in opinion
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Experiment
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Data Handling
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Misconduct
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not performed
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made up
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fabrication
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performed
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changed substantively (modified or manipulated)
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falsification
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performed
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analyzed by approved methods
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none (legitimate)
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Misconduct can be mixed:
(1) collected data is manipulated
(2) addition data is made up
