Gauvain-Piquard et al developed a pain scale for children 2-6 years of age. The authors are from Institut Gustave-Roussy in France.
NOTE: The instrument may be registered in France (in Gauvain-Piquard 1991 it is listed as DEGR R ).
Patient selection: children 2 to 6 years of age. The original study was done in children with cancer.
Scale items:
(1) nervousness, anxiety
(2) antalgic rest position
(3) ability to protest
(4) spontaneous protection of painful areas
(5) child retires into “shell”
(6) somatic complaints
(7) lack of expressiveness
(8) child points to the painful areas
(9) moodiness, irritability
(10) antalgic behavior during movement
(11) lack of interest in surroundings
(12) control exerted by the child when moved
(13) slowness and rarity of movements
(14) emotional reactions to medical examinations of painful regions
(15) signs of regression
(16) social withdrawal
(17) tendency to cry
Pain: items 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
Anxiety: items 1, 9, 12, 14, 17
Depression/psychomotor atonia: 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16
where:
• The results for item 3 were found inconstant and irrelevant and so were not included in the score.
• Antalgic = analgesic in the dictionary; I am not quite sure what "antalgic behavior" indicates.
|
Finding |
Points |
|
none |
0 |
|
mild |
1 |
|
moderate |
2 |
|
severe |
3 |
|
extreme |
4 |
total score =
= SUM(points for the 16 counted items)
Interpretations:
• minimum score: 0
• maximum total score: 64
• maximum pain subscore: 20
• maximum anxiety subscore: 20
• maximum depression/psychomotor subscore: 24
Variations: Shorter subsets with 15 and 10 items have been used (Gauvain-Piquard et al, 1991)
Specialty: Pedatrics
ICD-10: ,
