Dysmetabolic Iron Overload Syndrome (DIOS)

Clinical and laboratory features:

(1) metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, abnormal glucose metabolism, steatohepatitis)

(2) increased hepatic and total body iron stores, Hepatic iron stores are mildly increased but not to the levels seen in hemochromatosis.

(3) hyperferritinemia

(4) normal to moderately increased iron saturation

(5) absence of mutations associated with genetic types of hemochromatosis

(6) no other identifiable cause for the iron excess (blood transfusion, etc)

The condition needs to be differentiated from metabolic syndrome in patients with hemochromatosis, for which genetic testing can be helpful.