Criteria:
(1) exposure to hydantoin during pregnancy
(2) exclusion of other conditions
(3) presence of phenotypic traits
Supportive evidence: siblings not exposed to dilantin are phenotypically normal
More common phenotypic features at birth:
(1) low birth weight
(2) hypertelorism
(3) shallow and broad nasal bridge
(4) microcephaly
(5) wide mouth
(6) short nose
Less common findings:
(1) colobomata
(2) strabismus
(3) high palate
(4) cleft lip and/or palate
(5) broad alveolar ridges
(6) short neck
(7) cystic hygroma
(8) inguinal hernia
(9) nail hypoplasia
(10) hirsutism
(11) cranial asymmetry
(12) rib or vertebral anomalies
(13) scoliosis
(14) hypoplastic distal digits
(15) hip dislocation
(16) club feet
(17) pyloric stenosis or duodenal atresia
(18) imperforate anus
(19) diaphragmatic hernia
(20) cardiac malformation
(21) hyposplenism
(22) renal hypoplasia or urinary tract anomalies
(23) urogenital defects in males (hypospadias, cryptorchidism, micropenis, bifid scrotum)
(24) holoprosencephaly
(25) wide anterior fontanelle
(26) seizures
(27) vision problems
Developmental problems:
(1) growth deficiency, with short stature
(2) developmental delay
(3) mild cognitive and/or learning disability
