GALAD Score for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Patient selection: liver mass, rule out hepatocellular carcinoma

Analytic platform: µTASWako i30 autoanalyzer

Parameters:

(1) age in years

(2) gender

Tumor biomarkers (shared with the BALAD score):

(3) Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) in percent

(4) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in ng/mL

(5) des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in ng/mL

X =

 = (0.09 * (age)) + (1.67 * (points for gender)) + (2.34 * LOG10(AFP)) + (0.04 * (AFP-L3)) + (1.33 * LOG10(DCP)) - 10.08

probability of hepatocellular carcinoma =

= 1 / (1 + EXP((-1) * X))

Performance:

• The biomarker assays need to be calibrated.

• Cutoff for AFP 10 ng/ml; for AFP-L3 10%; DCP 7.5 ng/mL.