Grades of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) for Bile Leakage After Hepatobiliary or Pancreatic Surgery

Criteria for bile leakage - one or both of the following:

(1) drain or intra-abdominal drain fluid with an increased bilirubin concentration on or after postoperative day 3 (with fluid bilirubin concentration >= 3 times concurrent serum concentation)

(2) need for an intervention because of biliary collection or bile peritonitis

Parameters:

(1) impairment

(2) clinical symptoms (abdominal pain, infection, other)

(3) persistent drainage (> 1 week)

(4) change from routine management