Indications associated with a neoplasm:
(1) carcinoma of the head of the pancreas
(2) duodenal carcinoma
(3) carcinoma of the common bile duct
(4) adenocarcinoma arising in the ampulla of Vater
(5) islet cell tumor of the pancreas
(6) colon cancer with involvement of the head of the pancreas
(7) gastric carcinoma invading the head of the pancreas
(8) cystadenoma of the pancreas
(9) leiomyoma of the duodenum
(10) other tumor of the bile duct, pancreas or duodenum
Indications not associated with a neoplasm:
(1) chronic pancreatitis
(2) massive trauma
(3) complicated stone impaction
(4) uncontrollable bleeding from the pancreas (aneurysm, pseudoaneurysm, etc)
