Some analytes (like copies of RNA or DNA) can be present in very high numbers, so discussing changes by orders of 10 can simplify the notation. While natural logarithms can be used, logarithms of base 10 are commonly used.
Parameters:
(1) initial value
(2) later value
log change =
= LOG10(later value) - LOG10(initial value)
The subtraction of logarithms is the same as LOG10((later value) / (initial value)).
Converting the logarithm back to a number indicates the multiple of change, but either the initial or final value must be know to determine the actual value.
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