Herpes B virus is related to Herpes simplex virus and infects macaques. It can cause a fatal encephalomyelitis in humans. Barkati et al listed recommendations on how to manage an exposure.
Parameters:
(1) first aid
(2) type of exposure
(3) depth of exposure
(4) body part(s) exposed
(5) source risk factors
High risk material:
(1) saliva
(2) CNS tissue
(3) CSF
(4) animal mucosa
(5) oral or genital lesion
(6) animal eyelid
|
Parameter |
Findings |
Points |
|
first aid |
adequate for site |
0 |
|
|
inadequate for site |
2 |
|
type of exposure |
intact skin |
0 |
|
|
mucosal splash with blood, urine or stool |
1 |
|
|
needlestick |
1 |
|
|
scratch with loss of skin integrity |
2 |
|
|
puncture or laceration |
2 |
|
|
bite with loss of skin integrity |
3 |
|
|
mucosal splash with high risk material |
4 |
|
|
needlestick or other puncture with high risk material |
4 |
|
depth of exposure |
superficial scratch, bite or puncture |
0 |
|
|
splash |
0 |
|
|
deep (more than 5 mm) |
1 |
|
body part exposed |
extremity |
0 |
|
|
head, neck or torso |
2 |
|
source risk factors |
healthy macaque |
0 |
|
|
new to colony |
2 |
|
|
ill |
2 |
|
|
breeding |
2 |
|
|
immunocompromised |
2 |
|
|
lesions compatible with B-virus |
2 |
|
|
known seropositive |
3 |
where:
• Adequate first aid for skin was washing with soap for 15 minutes.
• Adequate first aid for mucosal exposure was flushing with saline or water for 15 minutes.
total score =
= SUM(points for all 5 parameters)
Interpretation:
• minimum score: 0
• maximum score: 12
|
Score |
Risk Group |
Recommendation |
|
0 or 1 |
low risk |
prophylaxis not routinely recommended |
|
2 or 3 |
moderate risk |
consider prophylaxis |
|
4 to 7 |
high risk |
prophylaxis recommended |
|
>= 8 |
very high risk |
prophylaxis recommended; consider IV therapy with acyclovir |
Specialty: Infectious Diseases, Pharmacology, clinical
