Astion et al classified errors based on how preventable that they were. The authors are from the University of Washington in Seattle and the University of California at San Francisco.
Preventability
Event
Scale
definitely not
unpredictable and unforeseen (out of the blue, blindsided)
1
probably not
infrequent or unexpected
2
may or may not have been (possible)
known to occur, could have been handled
3
probably was
frequent or expected
4
definitely was
completely predictable and doable (should have been done)
5
An event >= 3 was termed a preventable incident.
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