Cowley et al developed the Paediatric Hepatology Dependency (PHD) score for evaluating children with liver disease. This can be monitored over time to evaluate the patient's clinical course and need for medical care. The authors are from Birmingham Children's Hospital in England.
Parameters:
(1) serum albumin in g/L
(2) AST in IU/L
(3) total bilirubin in µmol/L
(4) INR
(5) ascites
(6) nutritional support
(7) organ dysfunction (respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, CNS)
(8) blood product support during previous week
(9) sepsis
(10) intravenous access and fluid balance
Parameter |
Finding |
Points |
---|---|---|
serum albumin |
> 35 g/L |
0 |
|
30 to 34 g/L |
1 |
|
25 to 29 g/L |
2 |
|
20 to 24 g/L |
3 |
|
< 20 g/L |
4 |
AST in IU/L |
0 to 50 IU/L |
0 |
|
51 to 150 IU/L |
1 |
|
151 to 300 IU/L |
2 |
|
301 to 500 IU/L |
3 |
|
> 500 IU/L |
4 |
total bilirubin |
0 to 20 µmol/L |
0 |
|
21 to 70 µmol/L |
1 |
|
71 to 150 µmol/L |
2 |
|
151 to 300 µmol/L |
3 |
|
> 300 µmol/L |
4 |
INR |
1 |
0 |
|
1.1 to 1.4 |
1 |
|
1.5 to 1.9 |
2 |
|
2.0 to 2.3 |
3 |
|
>= 2.4 |
4 |
ascites |
none |
0 |
|
none while on treatment |
1 |
|
mild |
2 |
|
gross |
3 |
|
gross requiring drainage |
4 |
nutritional support |
none |
0 |
|
enteral feeding (NG tube) |
1 |
|
modular feed |
2 |
|
IV fluids |
3 |
|
TPN |
4 |
number of organ failures |
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
2 |
|
3 |
3 |
|
4 |
4 |
blood product support |
0 products transfused |
0 |
|
1 product transfused |
1 |
|
2 products transfused |
2 |
|
3 products transfused |
3 |
|
4 or more products transfused |
4 |
sepsis |
none |
0 |
|
febrile |
1 |
|
IV antibiotics administered |
2 |
|
infection confirmed (positive microbiology test) |
3 |
|
DIC, septic shock, acidosis |
4 |
intravenous access |
none |
0 |
|
peripheral vein |
1 |
|
IV glucose required |
2 |
|
central access |
3 |
|
invasive monitoring |
4 |
where:
• Blood products include packed RBCs, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and/or albumin.
• CNS failure is any degree of encephalopathy.
• Cardiac failure is the need for any inotropic support.
• Respiratory failure is the need for continuous oxygen supplementation.
• Renal failure is an increase in the serum creatinine >= 1.5 times upper limit of normal for age OR a urine output < 0.5 mL per kg per hour for 24 hours (< 12 mL per kg per day).
total score =
= SUM(points for all 10 parameters)
Interpretation:
• minimum score: 0
• maximum score: 40
• The higher the score the more severe the illness.
• A score >= 20 indicates significant illness.
• A score > 15 had an odds ratio of 7 for transplant or death within 6 months.
Purpose: To evaluate a pediatric patient with liver disease using the Paediatric Hepatology Dependency (PHD) score of Cowley et al.
Specialty: Gastroenterology
Objective: clinical diagnosis, including family history for genetics, criteria for diagnosis, severity, prognosis, stage
ICD-10: K72,