Some women with a lupus anticoagulant suffer fetal loss. Examination of the fetus and placenta can help identify these women.
Maternal history:
(1) history of recurrent, unexplained miscarriage
(2) history of thrombotic episodes
Placental infarcts:
(1) any infarct in a first or second trimester placenta
(2) an infarct in a third trimester placenta that is > 10% of placental disc volume
Placental vascular changes:
(1) thrombosis in placental blood vessels
(2) acute atherosis and/or intimal thickening (decidual arteriopathy)
Fetal changes:
(1) intra-uterine growth retardation
(2) cerebral or other vascular thrombosis
(3) fetal bradycardia during the second trimester
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Specialty: Obstetrics & Gynecology
