Khan et al reported predictors of persistent incisional pain following noncardiac surgery. These can help to identify a patient at risk for long-term analgesic use and/or disability. The authors from multiple institutions in Canada and the United States.
Patient selection: noncardiac surgery
Predictors of persistent incisional pain with aOR greater than 1.5):
(1) discontinuation of NSAID or COX2 inhibitors on day of surgery (with receipt in week before; aOR 1.6 or 2.6)
(2) history of coronary artery disease (aOR 1.9)
(3) surgery for fracture (aOR 2.1)
(4) Asian ethnicity (aOR 3.0)
(5) history of chronic pain (aOR 2.3)
(6) postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (aOR 1.9)
(7) postoperative continuous nerve block (aOR 2.3)
(8) insulin administration within 24 hours of surgery, with none in week before (aOR 3.0)
Predictors of persistent pain with aOR less than 1.5:
(1) female sex (aOR 1.3)
(2) tobacco use (aOR 1.2)
Factors associated with reduced risk of persistent incisional pain:
(1) Latin or Hispanic ethnicity (aOR 0.15)
(2) Native American ethnicity (aOR 0.3)
(3) South Asian ethnicity (aOR 0.3)
(4) older age (aOR 0.7 per decade)
(5) endoscopic surgery (aOR 0.7)
