Dry ice (temperature -78°C) can be mixed with various solvents to produce cooling baths that cover a range of temperatures. Dry ice mixtures are relatively inexpensive.
The solvent mixture may consist of
(1) the pure solvent or
(2) a mixtures of solvents.
Pure Solvent |
Temperature |
cyclohexane |
6°C |
benzene |
5°C |
formamide |
2°C |
cycloheptane |
-12°C |
ethylene glycol |
-12°C (-11°C, -15°C) |
benzyl alcohol |
-15°C |
tetrachlorethylene |
-22°C |
carbon tetrachloride |
-23°C |
1,3-dichlorobenezene |
-25°C |
o-xylene |
-29°C |
m-toluidine |
-32°C |
3-heptanone |
-38°C |
acetonenitrile |
-42°C |
pyridine |
-42°C |
cyclohexanone |
-46°C |
m-xylene |
-47°C |
diethyl carbitol |
-52°C |
n-octane |
-56°C |
isopropyl ether |
-60°C |
chloroform |
-61°C |
carbitol acetate |
-67°C |
ethanol |
-72°C (-78°C) |
acetone |
-78°C |
sulfur dioxide |
-82°C |
propyl amine |
-83°C |
diethyl ether |
-100°C |
Some common mixtures used with dry ice:
(1) o-xyelene and m-xylne (see previous section): cover a range of -26 to -70°C
(2) ethanol and ethylene glycol: cover a range of -12 to -78°C
Specialty: Clinical Laboratory