Renal vein thrombosis is a rare but serious condition.
Risk factors:
(1) neonatal period
(2) cancer
(3) nephrotic syndrome
(4) blunt trauma
(5) surgery including renal transplant
(6) hypercoagulable state (Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, etc)
(7) infection
(8) antiphospholipid antibodies
(9) oral contraceptives
(10) pregnancy or puerperium
(11) iatrogenic (umbilical catheter, inferior vena cava filter, etc)
Clinical features:
(1) hematuria
(2) proteinuria
(3) deterioration of renal function
(4) occasionally a palpable flank mass
(5) flank or abdominal pain
(6) systemic features (anorexia, nausea, fever)
Imaging studies show:
(1) enlargement of the affected kidney
(2) altered blood flow
(3) enlarged renal vein with filling defect
(4) absence of washout of contrast
