Risk Factors of Yang et al for Peri-Intubation Cardiac Arrest (PICA) the Emergency Department

Patient selection: intubation in the Emergency Department (ED)

Outcome: peri-intubation cardiac arrest (PICA)

Independent predictors of PICA:

(1) cardiogenic pulmonary edema as indication for intubation (aOR 5.9)

(2) systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg (aOR 5.2)

(3) elevated serum lactate concentration in mmol/L (aOR 1.01 per 0.11 mmol/L increase)

where:

• A 0.11 mmol/L rise in serum lactate is equivalent to an increase of 1 mg/dL.

The risk of cardiac arrest increases with the number of risk factors present.