The distribution of Coccidioides immitis is not uniform in an endemic area. Some ecological sites are more likely to harbor the fungus than others. Sites that are favorable for fungal proliferation should be avoided, while sites unfavorable for the fungus may be more suitable for establishing camps.
Sites favorable for Coccidioides immitis
Sites unfavorable for Coccidioides immitis
areas with sparse vegetation and alkaline soil
heavily vegetated areas; cultivated fields
areas with soil of high salinity
areas where commercial fertilizers (ammonium sulfate) have been applied; soils containing abundant micro-organisms
sandy well-aerated soil with relatively high water holding capacities; areas adjacent to arroyos (dry gully which can carry an intermittent stream)
areas that are continuously wet
upper 30 cm of the soil horizon, especially in virgin undisturbed soils
heavily urbanized areas where there is little undisturbed virgin soil
rodent burrows or packrat midden
paved surfaces (asphalt or concrete) or oiled areas
prehistoric Indian campsites, near fire pits
higher elevations, over 7,000 feet above sea level
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