Soares et al evaluated adolescents in Brazil for adverse childhood experiences (ACE). The authors are from the Federal University of Pelotas, University of Sao Paulo and the University of Bristol.
Patient selection: Brazilian adolescent
Adverse Experience
Query
physical abuse
being hit and left with injury or bruising
sexual abuse
sexual advance against will with or without threats
emotional neglect
parent did not want child to be born; felt hated
physical neglect
not enough food or clothing
domestic violence
fights with physical assault in household
parental separation
parents separated or divorced
parental death
death of mother and/or father
Risk factors for ACE:
(1) non-white skin color
(2) low family income
(3) low maternal schooling
(4) absence of mother's partner
(5) maternal smoking during pregnancy
(6) poor maternal mental health
(7) maternal consumed any alcohol during pregnancy
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