A patient with human alveolar echinococcosis can be classified using the PNM system. This is similar to the TNM classification for cancer.
Parameters:
(1) P - primary involvement of the liver
(2) N - involvement of neighboring organs
(3) M - distant metastatic lesions
Assessment of neighboring or distant involvement may be based on chest X-ray, brain CT scan, clinical findings or other factors.
|
Group |
Finding |
Code |
|
P |
not assessed |
PX |
|
|
no detectable hepatic lesion |
P0 |
|
|
peripheral lesion without biliary or proximal vascular involvement |
P1 |
|
|
central lesion with biliary or proximal vascular involvement of one lobe |
P2 |
|
|
central lesion with biliary or proximal vascular involvement of both lobes or two hepatic veins or both |
P3 |
|
|
extension along portal vein, inferior vena cava or hepatic arteries |
P4 |
|
N |
not assessed |
NX |
|
|
no regional involvement of neighboring organs |
N0 |
|
|
regional involvement of neighboring organs |
N1 |
|
M |
not assessed |
MX |
|
|
no metastases detected |
M0 |
|
|
metastases present |
M1 |
|
PNM |
Stage |
|
P1N0M0 |
I |
|
P2N0M0 |
II |
|
P3N0M0 |
IIIa |
|
P1N1M0 P2N1M0 P3N1M0 P4N0M0 |
IIIb |
|
P4N1M0 any P, any N, M1 |
IV |
Specialty: Infectious Diseases
