Parameters affecting an electrophoretic run:
(1) pH
(2) ionic strength
(3) electrical connections and voltage setting
(4) temperature
(5) contaminants (soap, bleach, etc.)
(6) humidity
(7) applicator
pH:
(1) too low: poor migration and precipitates
(2) too high: poor migration and precipitates
Ionic strength:
(1) too diluted: fast migration but decreased resolution
(2) too concentrated: slow migration
Electrical connections and voltage setting:
(1) no or poor connections: no migration
(2) too low a voltage: slower migration
(3) too high a voltage: faster migration but overheating of substrate with decreased resolution and precipitate
(4) dirty electrodes: unequal migration across substrate
Temperature:
(1) too low: improved resolution, precipitation of cryoproteins
(2) too high: decreased resolution, distorted zones and precipitates
Contaminants:
(1) altered pH or ionic strength
(2) precipitates
Humidity:
(1) too low: drying out of substrate
Applicator:
(1) bent or dirty: distorted zones
