Agents available:
(1) sorbitol (osmotically active sugar)
(2) saline
(2a) magnesium citrate
(2b) magnesium sulfate
(2c) sodium sulfate
(2d) disodium phosphate
Indications:
(1) reduction in constipation associated with multiple doses of activated charcoal
(2) exposure to toxins with constipatory effect
Contraindications:
(1) volume depletion and dehydration
(2) corrosives (strong acids or bases)
(3) severe diarrhea (not needed)
(4) adynamic or dynamic ileus
(5) absent bowel sounds
(6) severe electrolyte imbalances
(7) recent bowel surgery
where:
• Gastrointestinal hemorrhage was not listed but might be a relative contraindication depending on its severity.
Unpleasant side-effects and complications:
(1) watery diarrhea
(2) abdominal cramping and discomfort
(3) abdominal distention
(4) dehydration
(5) hypernatremia
(6) hypermagnesemia if magnesium cathartic used
