Xanthogranulomatous orchitis or epididymo-orchitis is a rare condition that may be misdiagnosed. The histologic picture is similar to xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) in other sites such as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
Risk factors:
(1) diabetes mellitus
(2) testicular trauma
(3) chronic urinary catheterization or urinary tract instrumentation
Clinical and laboratory features:
(1) testicular swelling with palpable mass
(2) purulent discharge from scrotal fistula
(3) heterogeneous mass with irregular margins and areas of necrosis on imaging studies
(4) normal testicular tumor markers
(5) biopsy of the mass shows xanthogranulomatous inflammation
Complications:
(1) misdiagnosis as a testicular tumor with radical surgery
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